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Rural Educational Achievement Project (REAP)
Intervention:
Prevention research postulates that interventions must be delivered early in life to disrupt the developmental pathways leading to adverse adolescent and adult outcomes, such as substance use and poor mental health status. Following on this theory, the Rural Educational Achievement Project (REAP) is a comprehensive, multilevel approach to prevention that involves a universal prevention program (All Stars, Jr.), a selective program delivered in the summer (Camp GUTS: Gearing Up To Success), and a family program (Duke Family Coping Power). REAP targets fourth grade students enrolled in elementary school.
The All Stars, Jr., program is based on a character-education and problem-behavior–prevention curriculum designed for middle school students. The idea is to draw from an individual’s lifestyle, aspirations, social background, and other existing ideals that are likely to be incongruent with high-risk behaviors and build or strengthen that perception in the student. The summer Camp GUTS program is a selected 6-week, protocol-driven, school-based program designed to strengthen academic and social competencies and self-esteem. The Duke Family Coping Power program is delivered to parents of high-risk students. The content, derived from Social Cognitive Theory, teaches parents the skills to deal with various aspects of child aggression. The program also includes sessions on stress management.
Evaluation Methodology:
Nine of 11 elementary schools in rural Christian County, Ky., were recruited to participate in four experimental conditions: 1) a universal prevention program (All Stars, Jr.); 2) a universal prevention program plus a selective summer program (All Stars, Jr. + Camp GUTS); 3) a universal prevention program, plus the selective summer program, plus the family program (All Stars, Jr. + Camp GUTS + Duke Family Coping Power); and 4) a control condition in which none of the three programs was implemented. Fourth grade students (n=291) were stratified according to risk, with the family and summer program containing all high-risk subjects and All Stars, Jr., and the control conditions mixing at-risk subjects with low-risk children in terms of their academic abilities and conduct. Two schools participated in each level of the intervention, and three schools served as no-treatment comparison conditions.
Study measures assessed social competence, self-regulation, parental involvement, and school bonding. Student data was collected through individual interviews with students, while teachers completed measures assessing students’ social competence and self-regulation and parents completed measures assessing their children’s self-regulation as well as a variety of their own attitudes and behaviors. Pretest measures were administered in autumn 1997. The intervention was implemented during the 1997–98 school year and summer 1998. Follow-up data was obtained in autumn 1998.
Evaluation Outcome:
Program efficacy was measured through the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention’s four predictor variables: 1) academic achievement, 2) self-regulation, 3) social competence, and 4) parental investment. Findings for academic achievement indicated that the family and summer conditions made greater gains than the All Stars, Jr.–only and control conditions in scores on a test of mathematics. Subjects in the family and summer programs also showed significantly higher levels of school bonding than their counterparts did. Findings for self-regulation indicated that the summer and All Stars, Jr., program had significant effects in decreasing externalizing behaviors. However, the results for social competence indicated that the family condition had lower baseline levels of social competence than the other conditions had. The results for the parenting program suggested that the family condition had significant increases in the number of activities between parents and children.
Other Information:
References:
Clayton, Richard R., Nancy Grant Harrington, William Turner, Thomas Miller, and Donna Durden. N.d. Unpublished executive summary. Lexington, Ky.: University of Kentucky, Center for Prevention Research.
Program Specification:
Current Rating:
Promising
Expected Date of Re-Review:
Summer 2013
Program Type:
Academic Skills Enhancement
Alcohol and Drug Therapy / Education
Classroom Curricula
Leadership and Youth Development
Parent Training
Ethnicity:
African American
White
Gender:
Both
Age:
9
-
10
Target Settings:
Rural
Problem Behaviors:
Academic Problems
Aggression/Violence
Alcohol,Tobacco and Other Drug Use
Family Functioning
Risk & Protective Factors:
Risk
Family
Family management problems / Poor parental supervision and/or monitoring
Individual
Antisocial behavior and alienation / Delinquent beliefs / General delinquency involvement / Drug dealing
Early onset of aggression and/or violence
School
Low academic achievement
Protective
Family
Effective parenting
Good relationship with parents / Bonding or attachment to family
Individual
Social competencies and problem solving skills
Peer
Parental approval of friends
School
Above average academic achievment / Reading and math skills
Student bonding (attachment to teachers, belief, commitment)
Additional Information:
SAMHSA: NREPP
Status:
Program is in operation at this time.
Performance Measures:
Suggested OJJDP Performance Measures for the Program Types(s):
Delinquency Prevention
Academic Skills Enhancement
Logic Model:
PDF
Performance Matrix:
PDF
School Programs
Academic Skills Enhancement
Logic Model:
PDF
Performance Matrix:
PDF
Delinquency Prevention
Classroom Curricula
Logic Model:
PDF
Performance Matrix:
PDF
School Programs
Classroom Curricula
Logic Model:
PDF
Performance Matrix:
PDF
Delinquency Prevention
Leadership and Youth Development
Logic Model:
PDF
Performance Matrix:
PDF
Delinquency Prevention
Parent Training
Logic Model:
PDF
Performance Matrix:
PDF
Mental Health Services
Parent Training
Logic Model:
PDF
Performance Matrix:
PDF
Contact Information:
Program Developer:
Richard Clayton, Ph.D.
Center for Prevention Research
1151 Red Mile Road, Suite 1A
Lexington,
KY
40504
Phone: 8592575678
Fax: 8592575592
Email:
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