Publications
of the
Pittsburgh Youth Development Study
Books
and Book Chapters
Le Blanc, M., & Loeber, R. (in press). Developmental criminology
updated. In M. Tonry (Ed.), Crime and Justice (vol.
23). Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Loeber, R. and Farrington, D. P. (Eds.) (2001). Child
Delinquents: Development, Intervention and Service Needs.
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Loeber, R., Farrington, D. P., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., & Van
Kammen, W. B. (1998). Antisocial Behavior and Mental Health
Problems: Explanatory Factors in Childhood and Adolescence.
Mawhaw, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Loeber, R. (1992). Viewing emotional problems of children
and adolescents from a developmental perspective. In A. Algarin, & R.
M. Friedman (Eds.), 5th Annual Research Conference Proceedings
on A System of Care for Children's Mental Health: Expanding
the Research Base (pp. 53-60). Tampa, FL.: Research and
Training Center for Children's Mental Health.
Loeber, R., DeLamatre, M., Keenan, K., & Zhang, Q. (1998).
A prospective replication of developmental pathways in disruptive
and delinquent behavior. In R. Cairns, L. Bergman, & J. Kagan
(Eds.), Methods and models for studying the individual (pp.
185-215). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Loeber, R., & Farrington, D. P. (Eds.) (1998). Serious
and Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors and Successful
Interventions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Loeber, R., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1991). A survey of services
for children with disruptive and delinquent behavior. In A.
Algarin, & R. M. Friedman (Eds.), 4th Annual Research Conference
Proceedings on A System of Care for Children's Mental Health:
Expanding the Research Base (pp. 323-326). Tampa, FL.:
Research and Training Center for Children's Mental Health.
Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Van Kammen, W. B., & Farrington,
D. P. (1989). Development of a new measure of self-reported
antisocial behavior for young children: Prevalence and reliability.
In M. Klein (Ed.), Cross-National Research in Self-Reported
Crime and Delinquency (pp. 203-225). Boston, MA: Kluwer-Nijhoff. NCJRS
125457.
Loeber, R., & Wikström, P.-O. (1993). Individual pathways
to crime in different types of neighborhood. In D. P. Farrington,
R. J. Sampson & P-O. Wikström (Eds.), Integrating Individual
and Ecological Aspects of Crime (pp. 169-204). Stockholm,
Sweden: Liber Forlag.
Loeber, R., & Hay, D. F. (1994). Developmental approaches
to aggression and conduct problems. In M. L. Rutter, & D. H.
Hay (Eds.), Development through life: A handbook for clinicians (pp.
488-515). Oxford: Blackwell.
Loeber, R. & Keenan, K., (1994). The interaction between
conduct disorder and its comorbid conditions: Effects of age
and gender. Clinical Psychology Review, 14, 497-523.
Loeber, R., Keenan, K., Russo, M. F., Green, S. M., Lahey,
B. B. & Thomas, C. (1998). Secondary data analyses for DSM-IV
on the symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct
disorder. In T. Widiger, A. Frances, H. A. Pincus, R. Ross,
M. B. First, W. Davis, & M. Kline (Eds.), DSM-IV Sourcebook (Vol.
4, pp. 465-490). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
Loeber, R., & Le Blanc, M. (1990). Toward a developmental
criminology. In M. Tonry and N. Morris (Eds.), Crime and
Justice (Vol. 12, pp. 375-473). Chicago, IL: University
of Chicago Press.
Partly to be republished in M. Le Blanc and R. Loeber,
Causality and the Development of Offending. In D. F. Hay and
A. Angold (Eds.), in Precursors, Causes and Psychopathology.
London: Wiley. 1993. OJJDP. Loeber, R., and Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1998). Juvenile aggression
at home and at school. In D. S. Elliott, K. R. Williams, & B.
Hamburg (Eds.), Violence in American schools (pp. 94-126).
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Maguin, E., & Loeber, R., (1996), Academic performance and
its relationship to delinquency. In S. Cramer & W. Ellis (Eds.), Learning
disabilities: Lifelong Issues (pp. 235-240). Baltimore,
MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co. NCJ 161962.
Maguin, E., & Loeber, R. (1996). Academic performance and
delinquency. In M. Tonry (ed.), Crime and Justice: A review
of research (Vol. 20, pp. 145-264). Chicago: University
of Chicago Press. NCJRS 161962.
Moffitt, T., Caspi, A., Silva, P. A. & Stouthamer-Loeber,
M. (1995). Individual differences in personality and intelligence
are linked to crime: Cross-context evidence from nations, neighborhoods,
genders, races, and age-cohorts. In J. Hagan (Ed.), Current
perspectives on aging and the life cycle. Delinquency and disrepute
in the life course: Contextual and dynamic analyses. (pp.
1-34). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Stouthamer-Loeber, M., & Van Kammen, W. B. (1995). Data
collection and management: A practical guide. Newbury
Park, CA. Sage.
Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1993). Optimizing data quality of
individual and community sources in longitudinal research.
In D. P. Farrington, R. J. Sampson & P-O. Wikström (Eds.), Integrating
Individual and Ecological Aspects of Crime. (pp. 259-277).
Stockholm, Sweden: Liber Forlag.
Thornberry, T., Huizinga, D., & Loeber, R. (1995). The prevention
of serious delinquency and violence: Implications from the
Program of Research on the Causes and Correlates of Delinquency.
In J.C. Howell, B. Krisberg, J. D. Hawkins, & J. J. Wilson
(Eds.), Sourcebook on serious, violent and chronic juvenile
offenders. (pp. 213-237). Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage. NCJ
165070.
Tolan, P. H., and Loeber, R. (1993). Antisocial behavior.
In P. Tolan, & V. Cohler (Eds.), Handbook of clinical research
and practice with adolescents, (pp. 307-331). New York:
Wiley & Sons.
Van Kammen, W. B., Maguin, E., & Loeber, R. (1994). Initiation
into drug selling and its relationship with illicit drug use
and serious delinquency. In H. J. Kerner, & E. Weitekamp (Eds). Cross-National
Longitudinal Research on Human Development and Criminal Behavior (pp.
229-242). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Van Kammen, W.B., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1997). Practical
aspects of data collection and data management. In L. Bickman & D.
Rog (Eds.), Handbook of applied social research methods (pp.
375-398). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Wikström, P-O. (1998). Communities
and crime. In M. Tonry (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of crime
and punishment (pp. 269-301). Oxford: Oxford University
Press. Journal
Articles Angold, A., Erkanli, A., Loeber, R., Costello, E. J., Van
Kammen, W. B., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1996). Disappearing
depression in a population sample of boys. Journal of Emotional & Behavioral
Disorders, 4, 95-104.
Caspi, A., Block, J., & Block, J. H., Klopp, B., Lynam, D.,
Moffitt, T. E., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1992). A "common-language" version
of the California Child Q-Sort for personality assessment. Psychological
Assessment, 4, 512-523.
Also published in:
M. E. Hertzig & E. A. Farber (Eds.), Annual progress in child psychiatry
and child development (pp. 123-149). New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1993. Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Silva, P. A., Stouthamer-Loeber,
M., Krueger, R. F., & Schmutte, P. S. (1994). Are some people
crime prone? Replications of the personality-crime relationship
across countries, genders, races, and methods. Criminology,
32, 163-195. NCJRS 148438.
Fabrega, H., Ulrick, R., & Loeber, R. (1996). Adolescent
psychopathology as a function of informant and risk status. Journal
of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 184, 27-34.
Farrington, D. P., & Loeber, R. (1999). Risk factors
for delinquency over time and place. Youth Update, 17(2),
4-5.
Farrington, D. P., Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., van
Kammen, W. B., & Schmidt, L. (1996). Self-reported delinquency
and a combined delinquency seriousness scale based on boys,
mothers, and teachers: Concurrent and predictive validity for
african-americans and caucasians. Criminology, 34, 501-525. OJJDP.
Farrington, D., & Loeber, R. (1989). RIOC and Phi as measures
of predictive efficiency and strength of association in 2 x
2 tables. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 5, 201-213.
Frick, P., Lahey, B. B., Loeber, R., Tannenbaum, L., Van
Horn, Y., Christ, M. A. G., Hart, E. A., & Hanson, K. (1993).
Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: A meta-analytic
review of factor analysis and cross-validation in a clinic
sample. Clinical Psychology Review, 13, 319-340.
Hartman, C. A., Hox, J., Auerbach,
J. G, Erol, N., Fonseca, A. C., Mellenbergh, G. J., Novik,
T. S., Oosterlaan, J., Roussos, A. C., Shalev, R. S., Zilber,
N., & Sargeant, J. A. (1999), Syndrome dimensions of
the Child Behavior Checklist and the Teacher Report Form:
a critical empirical evaluation. Journal of Child Psychology
and Psychiatry, 40, 1095-1116. Huizinga, D., Loeber, R., & Thornberry,
T. (1993). Longitudinal study of delinquency, drug use, sexual
activity, and pregnancy among children and youth in three
cities. Public Health Reports: Journal of the U.S. Public
Health Service, 108, Supplement 1, 90-96.
John, O. P., Caspi, A., Robins, R. W., Moffitt, T., & Stouthamer-Loeber,
M. (1994). The "Little Five": Exploring the nomological network
of the five-factor model of personality in adolescent boys. Child
Development, 65, 160-178. NCJRS 153940.
Keenan, K, Loeber, R., & Green,
S. M. (1999). Conduct disorder in girls: A review of the
literature. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 2,
3-19.
Keenan, K., Loeber, R., Zhang, Q., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., & Van
Kammen, W. B. (1995), The influence of deviant peers on the
development of boys' disruptive and delinquent behavior: a
temporal analysis. Development & Psychopathology,
7, 715-726.
Keltner, D., Moffitt, T. E., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1995).
Facial expression of emotion and psychopathology in adolescent
boys. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 644-652.
Krueger, R. F., Caspi, A., Moffitt,
T. E., White, J., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1996). Delay
of gratification, personality and psychopathology: Is low
self-control specific to externalizing problems? Journal
of Personality, 64, 107-129.
Krueger, R. F., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., White, J., & Stouthamer-Loeber,
M. (1996). Delay of gratification, personality and psychopathology:
Is low self-control specific to externalizing problems? Journal
of Personality, 64, 107-129.
Lahey, B. B., Gordon, R. A., Loeber,
R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., & Farrington, D. P. (1999).
Boys who join gangs: A prospective study of predictors of
gang entry. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 27,
261-276.
Lizotte, A. J., Chard-Wierschem, D. J., Loeber, R., & Stern,
S. B. (1992). A shortened Child Behavior Checklist for delinquency
studies. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 8, 233-245. NCJRS
137286.
Loeber, R. DeLamatre, M., Tita,
G., Cohen, J., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., & Farrington, D.
P. (1999). Gun injury and mortality: The delinquent backgrounds
of juvenile victims. Violence and Victims, 14,
339-352.
Loeber, R., Drinkwater, M., Yin,
Y., Anderson, S. J., Schmidt, L. C., Crawford, A. (2000).
Stability of family interactions from ages 6 to 18. Journal
of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28, 353-369.
Loeber, R., & Hay, D. F. (1997). Key issues in the development
of aggression and violence from childhood to early adulthood. Annual
Review of Psychology, 48, 371-410. OJJDP.
Loeber, R., & Keenan, K. (1995, Spring), Developmental pathways
in boys' disruptive and delinquent behavior. Youth Update.
Vol. 13, No. 1. A publication of the Institute for the Study
of Antisocial Behavior in Youth. NCJRS 165692.
Loeber, R., Keenan, K., & Zhang, Q. (1997). Boys' experimentation
and persistence in developmental pathways toward serious delinquency. Journal
of Child and Family Studies, 6, 321-357. NCJRS 169595.
Loeber, R., Russo, M. F., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., & Lahey,
B. B. (1994). Internalizing problems and their relation to
the development of disruptive behaviors in adolescence. Journal
of Research on Adolescence, 4, 615-637.
Loeber, R., & Stouthamer-Loeber (1998). The development of
juvenile aggression and violence: Some common misconceptions
and controversies. American Psychologist, 53, 242-259. OJJDP.
Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Van Kammen, W. B., & Farrington,
D. P. (1991). Initiation, escalation and desistance in juvenile
offending and their correlates. Journal of Criminal Law
and Criminology, 82, 36-82. NCJRS 131769.
Loeber, R., Wung, P., Keenan, K., Giroux, B., Stouthamer-Loeber,
M., Van Kammen, W. B., & Maughan, B. (1993). Developmental
pathways in disruptive child behavior. Development and Psychopathology,
5, 101-132.
Loeber, R. (1990). Development and risk factors of juvenile
antisocial behavior and delinquency. Clinical Psychology
Review, 10, 1-41. NCJ 125367.
Loeber, R., & Farrington, D. P. (1994). Problems and solutions
in longitudinal and experimental treatment studies of child
psychopathology and delinquency. Journal of Consulting & Clinical
Psychology, 62, 887-900.
To be republished as Longitudinal approaches in epidemiological
research of conduct problems. In F. C. Verhulst, H. M. Koot
(Eds.), The Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Psychopathology.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, (1995).
Another version will appear in D. Stoff, J. Breiling, & J. D. Maser
(Eds.), Handbook of antisocial behavior. New York: Wiley. NCJ
151834.
Loeber, R., & Stouthamer-Loeber,
M. (1996). The development of offending. Criminal Justice
and Behavior. 23, 12-24. NCJ 162055. Loeber, R., & Farrington,
D. P. (2000). Young children who commit crime: epidemiology,
developmental origins, risk factors, early interventions,
and policy implications. Development and Psychopathology, 12,
737-762. Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber,
M., & White, H. R. (1999). Developmental aspects of delinquency
and internalizing problems and their association with persistent
juvenile substance use between ages 7 and 18. Journal
of Clinical Child Psycholology, 27, 322-332. Loeber, R., Wei, E., Stouthamer-Loeber,
M., Huizinga, D., & Thornberry, T. (1999). Behavioral
antecedents to serious and violent juvenile offending: Joint
analyses from the Denver Youth Survey, Pittsburgh Youth Study,
and the Rochester Youth Development Study. Studies in
Crime and Crime Prevention, 8, 245-263. Lynam, D. (1997). Pursuing the psychopath: Capturing the
fledgling psychopath in a nomological net. Journal of Abnormal
Psychology, 106, 425-438. OJJDP.
Lynam, D., Moffitt, T., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1993). Explaining
the relation between IQ and delinquency: Class, race, test
motivation, school failure, or self-control? Journal of
Abnormal Psychology, 102, 187-196. NCJRS 147442.
Maguin, E., & Loeber, R. (1996). How well do ratings of academic
performance by mothers and their sons correspond to grades,
achievement test scores, and teachers' ratings? Journal
of Behavioral Education, 6, 405-425. OJJDP.
Maguin, E., Loeber, R., & LeMahieu, P. (1993). Does the relationship
between poor reading and delinquency hold for different age
and ethnic groups? Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders,
1, 88-100.
Messer, S. C., Angold, A., Loeber, R., Costello, E. J., Van
Kammen, W. B., & Stouthamer- Loeber, M. (1995), The development
of a short questionnaire for use in epidemiological studies
of depression in children and adolescents: factor composition
and structure across development. International Journal
of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 5, 251-262.
Peeples, F., & Loeber, R. (1994). Do individual factors and
neighborhood context explain ethnic differences in juvenile
delinquency? Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 10,
141-157. NCJ 149264.
Robins, R. W., John, O. P., Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E.,
Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1996). Resilient, overcontrolled, and
undercontrolled boys: Three replicable personality types. Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 157-171.
Russo, M. F., Loeber, R., Lahey, B., & Keenan, K. (1994).
Oppositional defiant and conduct disorders: Validation of the
DSM-III-R and an alternative option. Journal of Clinical
Child Psychology, 23, 56-68. NCJ 156355.
Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Drinkwater,
M., & Loeber, R. (1999-2000). Family functioning profiles,
early onset of offending, and disadvantaged neighborhoods. International
Journal of Child and Family Welfare, 4, 247-256.
Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Loeber, R., Farrington, D. P., Zhang,
Q., Van Kammen, W. B., & Maguin, E. (1993). The double edge
of protective and risk factors for delinquency: Interrelations
and developmental patterns. Development and Psychopathology,
5, 683-701.
Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Loeber, R., Thomas, C. (1992). Caretakers
seeking help for boys with disruptive and delinquent child
behavior. Comprehensive Mental Health Care, 2, 159-178.
Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Loeber, R., Van Kammen, W. B., & Zhang,
Q. (1995). Uninterrupted delinquent careers: The timing of
parental helpseeking and juvenile court contact. Studies
on Crime and Crime Prevention, 4, 236-251. NCJ 158811.
Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Van Kammen, W. B., & Loeber, R. (1992).
The nuts and bolts of running a large longitudinal study. Violence
and Victims, 7, 63-78. NCJ 138243.
Stouthamer-Loeber, M., & Wei, E. (1998). The precursors of
young fatherhood and its effect on the delinquency career of
teenage males. Journal of Adolescent Health, 22, 56-65.
Van Kammen, W. B., & Loeber, R. (1992). Drugs, delinquency & discipline. School
Safety, 3, 7-10. NCJ 139482.
Van Kammen, W. B., & Loeber, R. (1994). Are fluctuations
in delinquent activities related to the onset and offset of
juvenile illegal drug use and drug dealing? Journal of Drug
Issues, 24, 9- 24. NCJ 153130.
Van Kammen, W. B., Loeber, R., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1991).
Substance use and its relationship to antisocial and delinquent
behavior in young boys, Journal of Youth and Adolescence,
20, 399-414. NCJ 132794.
White, J. L., Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., Bartusch, D. J.,
Needles, D. J., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1994). Measuring impulsivity
and examining its relationship to delinquency. Journal of
Abnormal Psychology, 103, 192-205. NCJ 153636.
White, H. R., Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber,
M., & Farrington, D. P. (1999). Developmental associations
between substance use and violence. Development and Psychopathology, 11,
785-803.
Zhang, Q., Loeber, R., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1997). Developmental
trends of delinquency attitudes and delinquency: Replication
and synthesis across time and samples. Journal of Quantitative
Criminology, 13, 181-216. NCJ 16781.
Wikström, P-O, & Loeber,
R. (2000). Do disadvantaged neighborhoods cause well-adjusted
children to become adolescent delinquents? A study of male
juvenile serious offending, risk and protective factors,
and neighborhood context. Criminology, 38,
1109-1142.
Unpublished
Reports/Dissertations
Farrington, D. P. (in press). Predictors, causes and correlates
of male youth violence. In M. Tonry & M. H. Moore (Eds.), Youth
Violence (Crime and Justice, vol. 24). Chicago: Chicago
University Press.
Farrington, D. P., & Loeber, R. Measures of association:
The benefits of dichotimization. submitted for publication.
Farrington, D. P. & Loeber, R. (in press). Transatlantic
replicability of risk factors in the development of delinquency.
In P. Cohen, C. Slomkowski, and L. N. Robins (Eds.) Where
and When: The Influence of History and Geography on Aspects
of Psychopathology. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. OJJDP.
Loeber, R., Farrington, D. P., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Moffitt,
T. E., & Caspi, A. (in press), The development of male offending:
Key Findings from the first decade of the Pittsburgh Youth
Study. Studies in Crime and Crime Prevention.
Loeber, R., Farrington, D. P., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., & Van
Kammen, W. B. (in press). Multiple risk factors for multi-problem
boys: Co-occurrence of delinquency, substance use, attention
deficit, conduct problems, physical aggression, covert behavior,
depressed mood, and shy/withdrawn behavior. In R. Jessor (Ed.), New
perspectives on adolescent risk behavior. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Technical
Reports/Statistical Papers
Copas, J., & Loeber, R. (1990). Relative Improvement Over
Chance for 2 x 2 tables. British Journal of Statistical
and Mathematical Psychology, 43, 293-307. NCJ 141130 Lahey,
B. B., & Loeber, R. Framework for a developmental model of
Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder. In D. Routh
(Ed.), Disruptive behavior disorders in childhood: Essays
honoring Herb C. Quay (139-180). New York, Plenum, 1994.
Lahey, B. B., McBurnett, K., Loeber, R., & Hart, E. L. (1995).
Psychobiology of conduct disorder. In G. P. Sholevar (Ed.), Conduct
disorders in children and adolescents: Assessments and Interventions,
(pp. 27-44) Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press.
Loeber, R. (1991). Questions and advances in the study of
developmental pathways. In D. Cicchetti & S. Toth (Eds.), Rochester
Symposium on Developmental Psychopathology: III. Rochester,
NY: Rochester University Press.
Loeber, R., & Coie, J., Continuities and discontinuities
of development, with particular emphasis on emotional and cognitive
aspects of disruptive dehavior. In B. Maughan & J. Hill (Eds.), Cambridge
Monographs in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Conduct Disorders.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Robins, R. W., John, O.P. & Caspi, A. (in press). Major dimensions
of personality in early adolescence: The Big Five and beyond.
In C. F. Halverson, G. A. Kohnstamm, & R. P. Martin (Eds.), The
developing structure of temperament and personality from infancy
to adulthood. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Bulletins,
Fact Sheets, Other
Browning, K., Loeber, R. (Feb.
1999). Highlights of findings from the Pittsburgh Youth Study. OJJDP
Fact Sheet, No. 95. FS9995
Huizinga, D., Loeber, R., Thornberry, & Cothern,
L. (Nov. 2000). Co-occurence of Delinquency and Other Problem
Behaviors. OJJDP Juvenile Justice Bulletin. NCJ
182211
Kelley, B. T., Huizinga, D., Thornberry, T. P., & Loeber,
R. (1997). Epidemiology of serious violence. Juvenile Justice
Bulletin, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention,
June, 1-11. NCJRS 165152.
Kelley, B. T., Loeber, R., Keenan, K., DeLamatre, M. (December,
1997). Developmental pathways in boys' disruptive and delinquent
behavior. Juvenile Justice Bulletin, Office of Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention. NCJRS 165152.
Le Blanc, M., Loeber, R., & Janosz, M. (in press). La conduite
marginale des individus, une approche développementale. Bulletin
de Psychologie.
Thornberry, T. P., Smith, C. A.,
Rivera, C., Huizinga, D., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (Sept.,
1999). Family disruption and delinquency, OJJDP Juvenile
Justice Bulletin. NCJ 178285
Thornberry, T. P., Wei, E. H.,
Stouthamer-Loeber, M., & Van Dyke, J. (Jan. 2000). Teenage
fatherhood and delinquent behavior, OJJDP Juvenile Justice
Bulletin. NCJ 178899
Denver | Pittsburgh | Rochester
|
