94. National Institute of Justice, U.S. Dep't of
Justice, Research in Brief, Prosecuting Gangs: A National
Assessment 2 (Feb. 1995) [hereinafter Prosecuting
Gangs].
95. Arnold Goldstein, Delinquent Gangs: A
Psychological Perspective 36 (1991).
96. James C. Howell, Office of Juvenile Justice and
Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Dep't of Justice, Fact
Sheet No. 12 at 1 (April 1994) [hereinafter Howell
Fact Sheet].
97. Cal. Penal Code § 186.22 (West Supp. 1996).
98. Goldstein, supra note 95, at 2223.
99. Howell Fact Sheet, supra note 96.
100. National Institute of Justice, U.S. Dep't of
Justice, Research in Brief, Estimating the National Scope of
Gang Crime from Law Enforcement Data 3 (Aug. 1996).
101. Goldstein, supra note 95, at 2223.
102. Howell Fact Sheet, supra note 96.
103. Gang Migration, NCJA Justice Research
(National Criminal Justice Association, Washington, D.C.), Nov.Dec. 1995, at 910.
104. National Institute of Justice, U.S. Dep't of
Justice, Research in Brief, Gang Crime and Law
Enforcement Recordkeeping 89 (Aug. 1994).
105. Howell Fact Sheet, supra note 96, at 2.
106. National Institute of Justice, U.S. Dep't of
Justice, Research in Brief, Street Gangs and Drug Sales in
Two Suburban Cities 7 (Sept. 1995).
107. Howell Fact Sheet, supra note 96, at 2.
108. Howell Guide, supra note 32, at 96.
109. U.S. General Accounting Office, Report to the
Attorney General, Violent Crime: Federal Law
Enforcement Assistance in Fighting Los Angeles Gang
Violence 3 (Sept. 1996) [hereinafter GAO, Violent
Crime].
110. Attorney General Ryan: State Must Adopt Coordinated Approach
to Gang Problem, The Compiler (Illinois Criminal Justice
Information Authority, Chicago, Ill.), Fall 1996, at 14.
111. Donna Lyons, National Conference of State
Legislatures, State Legislature Report, 1995 Juvenile Crime
and Justice State Enactments 9 (Nov. 1995) [hereinafter
Lyons].
112. Cal. Penal Code § 186.22 (West Supp. 1996).
113. Lyons, supra note 111, at 9.
114. National Crime Prevention Council, New Ways
of Working with Local Laws to Reduce Crime 41 (Nov. 1996).
115. Id. at 9.
116. Id. at 10.
117. Id. at 42.
118. Id.
119. Id. at 44.
120. Terence Monmaney, Medical Researchers Call Gang
Killings 'Epidemic' in County, L.A. Times, Oct. 4, 1995, at B1.
121. Jim Newton, U.S. Mounts Sweeping Crackdown on L.A.
Gangs, L.A. Times, July 4, 1992, at A1.
122. GAO, Violent Crime, supra note 109, at 17.
123. U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antiviolent Crime Initiative:
The Attorney General's Progress Report to the President
510 (Sept. 1996).
124. Prosecuting Gangs, supra note 94, at 5.