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Juveniles in Corrections
Demographics
Q: How do male residential placement rates vary by race/ethnicity and State?
A: For every 100,000 Black male youth in the population, 597 were in residential placement on October 23, 2019; for Hispanic males the rate was 155, and for white males it was 121.

Male residential placement rates by race/ethnicity (per 100,000 male youth), 2019

State of offense Total White Black Hispanic American
Indian1		 Asian1 More than
one race
U.S. total 191 121 597 155 411 35 114
Alabama 269 174 532 96 *0 †*82 171
Alaska 512 381 2,428 †*86 1,140 463 *0
Arizona 132 104 427 116 162 *51 237
Arkansas †235 †152 541 †220 †*269 †*170 280
California †167 78 †851 †187 436 26 29
Colorado 216 131 1,239 268 *356 130 *24
Connecticut †40 †12 †166 †42 †*1,508 *0 †*45
Delaware 262 78 789 *120 *0 *0 *0
District of Columbia 501 †*74 785 *85 *0 *0 *0
Florida 169 150 516 11 *0 *22 *9
Georgia 188 65 424 83 *0 *28 120
Hawaii 65 *38 *0 *61 *0 83 60
Idaho 255 221 †3,118 267 *808 *490 †*90
Illinois †113 †55 430 †69 †*649 †*9 †70
Indiana 254 213 575 120 *0 *0 654
Iowa 221 140 1,603 190 *561 *0 238
Kansas 211 155 1,056 204 *485 *123 *36
Kentucky 221 151 852 146 *0 *73 373
Louisiana 245 82 534 *58 *178 *0 *44
Maine 74 67 *531 *0 *0 *0 *0
Maryland 144 50 344 94 *0 *0 *40
Massachusetts 79 33 263 184 *0 *14 *78
Michigan 238 133 803 142 *345 *40 243
Minnesota †269 †125 †1,284 †344 1,264 †67 †141
Mississippi 96 40 177 *78 *0 *0 *0
Missouri 177 132 557 *47 *292 *50 *50
Montana 214 178 †*2,687 *197 357 *0 †*126
Nebraska †237 †111 †1,421 †320 †1,953 *0 †*72
Nevada 284 235 949 199 *251 *80 247
New Hampshire 33 23 *502 *0 *0 *0 *0
New Jersey 105 22 485 108 *0 *7 *45
New Mexico 214 504 1,235 101 102 *0 *107
New York 91 49 320 63 *109 *10 69
North Carolina 170 67 512 58 641 *0 *53
North Dakota 164 111 *693 *143 577 *632 *0
Ohio 255 142 897 146 *725 *0 271
Oklahoma 138 96 615 74 244 *61 *15
Oregon 281 262 1,617 284 796 *98 *51
Pennsylvania 218 126 786 176 *365 51 251
Rhode Island 218 146 1,031 152 *1,111 *0 *266
South Carolina 245 107 589 96 *0 *0 *71
South Dakota 282 192 1,513 *310 738 *0 *0
Tennessee 87 49 232 81 *0 *46 99
Texas 209 127 617 189 *78 22 *17
Utah 104 70 973 199 *324 *95 *43
Vermont 54 60 *562 *0 *0 *0 *0
Virginia 189 103 536 162 *0 †*20 78
Washington 164 109 836 201 499 91 136
West Virginia 462 400 1,993 658 *0 †*0 367
Wisconsin 151 70 979 84 535 *66 *30
Wyoming 359 313 *2,000 407 *651 *0 *621

1American Indian includes Alaska Natives; Asian includes Pacific Islanders.
* Rate based on fewer than 10 observations.
† Interpret data with caution. In these states, 30% or more of the information for gender and/or race/ethnicity was imputed. Visit the EZACJRP methods section for more information about imputation.

Notes: The term ‘youth’ refers to persons under age 21 who were in a facility because they were charged with or adjudicated for an offense.

This information is based on the state where the offense was committed. However, the state of offense is not always reported. Male youth for whom state of offense was unknown are included in U.S. totals (1,539 in 2019). These instances are not evenly distributed across states. As such, users should exercise caution when examining state-level trends or comparing states. Visit the EZACJRP methods section for more information.

U.S. total includes a small number of male youth (4) who committed their offense in a U.S. Territory but excludes youth in tribal facilities.

The residential placement rate is the number of male youth in residential placement per 100,000 males age 10 through the upper age of original juvenile jurisdiction in each state.

Race groups exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Hispanic persons can be of any race.

To preserve the privacy of the youth in residential placement, state cell counts have been rounded to the nearest multiple of three. Rates are based on rounded counts. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

[ Map version ]  [ CSV file ]

Internet citation: OJJDP Statistical Briefing Book. Online. Available: https://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/corrections/qa08210.asp?qaDate=2019. Released on May 21, 2021.

Data Source: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement 2019 [machine-readable data files]. Washington, D.C.: OJJDP.

 

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