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Juveniles in Corrections
State Comparisons
Q: How do detention rates vary by race?
A: For every 100,000 Black youth living in the U.S., 152 were held in detention on October 23, 2019 - for Hispanic youth the rate was 41, and for white youth it was 23.

State detention rates by race/ethnicity, 2019

State of offense Total White Minority Black Hispanic American
Indian1		 Asian1
U.S. total 45 22 71 139 41 91 8
Alabama †62 †35 †102 †124 †32 *0 †*35
Alaska 85 56 121 *72 *0 219 *40
Arizona 42 38 44 133 31 70 *11
Arkansas 45 29 77 111 †38 *0 *0
California †50 21 †61 †250 †51 121 7
Colorado 44 23 74 214 56 *73 *39
Connecticut 17 †*4 †34 †54 †18 †1,163 *0
Delaware 71 25 120 184 *41 *0 *0
District of Columbia 195 *0 241 302 †*42 *0 *0
Florida 28 23 33 84 2 *0 *5
Georgia 60 16 97 132 28 *0 *13
Hawaii 23 *12 26 *0 *15 *0 *11
Idaho 37 33 51 *98 48 *0 *0
Illinois 39 15 66 159 20 *0 *0
Indiana †46 †38 †70 †101 22 *0 †*15
Iowa 48 32 112 218 45 *0 *0
Kansas 58 44 90 209 50 *0 †*28
Kentucky 52 25 164 218 43 *0 †*32
Louisiana 54 18 97 115 *30 *0 *0
Maine *0 *0 *0 *0 *0 *0 *0
Maryland 48 14 76 111 31 *0 *0
Massachusetts 20 7 45 54 57 *0 *0
Michigan 43 18 99 136 44 *0 *18
Minnesota †82 †26 †220 †365 †142 †316 †31
Mississippi 26 13 39 43 *20 *0 *0
Missouri 27 12 70 111 *8 *0 *0
Montana 43 29 108 *201 *51 138 *0
Nebraska 58 20 146 339 74 †*344 *0
Nevada 56 46 61 152 39 *0 *0
New Hampshire *5 *3 *19 *0 *0 *0 *0
New Jersey 24 6 42 99 28 *0 *0
New Mexico 68 114 52 *175 51 *37 *0
New York 20 5 36 74 21 *44 *2
North Carolina 17 7 30 41 14 *30 *0
North Dakota 16 *10 *39 *89 *0 †*46 *0
Ohio 63 33 149 205 37 *0 *0
Oklahoma 59 37 89 226 29 76 *0
Oregon †14 †15 †14 †*21 †17 *0 *0
Pennsylvania 29 10 74 133 25 *0 *0
Rhode Island 22 *10 41 *100 *13 *0 *0
South Carolina 67 28 117 152 28 *0 *0
South Dakota 101 55 253 341 *55 324 *0
Tennessee †38 16 †85 †109 33 *0 †*19
Texas 59 28 74 170 56 *0 *6
Utah 17 9 42 *112 37 *72 *21
Vermont *6 *6 *0 *0 *0 *0 *0
Virginia 56 †30 90 131 †66 *0 †*9
Washington 28 16 45 103 38 93 15
West Virginia 115 103 251 292 *137 *0 *0
Wisconsin 25 14 53 99 19 *94 *0
Wyoming 34 31 *48 *0 *35 *152 *0

1American Indian includes Alaska Natives; Asian includes Pacific Islanders.
* Rate based on fewer than 10 observations.
† Interpret data with caution. In these states, 30% or more of the information for detention and/or race/ethnicity was imputed. Visit the EZACJRP methods section for more information about imputation.

Notes: This information is based on the state where the offense was committed. However, the state of offense is not always reported. Detained youth for whom state of offense was unknown are included in U.S. totals (493 in 2019). These instances are not evenly distributed across states. As such, users should exercise caution when examining state-level trends or comparing states. Visit the EZACJRP methods section for more information.

U.S. total excludes youth in tribal facilities.

Detained youth are those held in residential placement prior to adjudication. The detention rate is the number of youth in residential placement on October 23, 2019 per 100,000 youth age 10 through the upper age of original juvenile court jurisdiction in each state.

Race groups exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Hispanic persons can be of any race.

To preserve the privacy of the youth in residential placement, state cell counts have been rounded to the nearest multiple of three. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. More information on this rounding rule is available on the EZACJRP Web site.

[ Map version ]  [ CSV file ]

Internet citation: OJJDP Statistical Briefing Book. Online. Available: https://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/corrections/qa08611.asp?qaDate=2019. Released on May 21, 2021.

Data Source: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement 2019 [machine-readable data files]. Washington, D.C.: OJJDP.

 

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