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Juveniles in Corrections
State Comparisons
Q: How do commitment rates vary by race?
A: For every 100,000 Black youth living in the U.S., 185 were committed to a residential placement facility on October 23, 2019 - for Hispanic youth the rate was 49, and for white youth it was 49.

State commitment rates by race/ethnicity, 2019

State of offense Total White Black Hispanic American
Indian1		 Asian1 More than
one race
U.S. total 66 49 185 49 163 12 47
Alabama 89 65 162 *24 *0 *0 107
Alaska 241 †182 1,225 *0 547 185 *0
Arizona 36 23 114 35 32 *13 131
Arkansas †100 †69 †204 †90 †*133 †*129 †167
California †51 †28 †211 †60 120 †6 8
Colorado 85 54 457 105 *183 †*31 †*12
Connecticut 9 †*3 †*23 †18 *0 *17 †*23
Delaware 68 *13 225 *20 *0 *0 *0
District of Columbia 67 †*37 100 †*42 *0 *0 *0
Florida 66 62 191 5 *0 *5 *5
Georgia 50 25 104 20 *0 *0 *17
Hawaii 24 *19 *0 *31 *0 30 *15
Idaho 109 91 1,018 111 687 *107 *46
Illinois †24 †18 †62 †19 †*324 †*4 †*21
Indiana 109 96 226 47 *0 *0 261
Iowa 75 44 606 71 *277 *0 *49
Kansas 55 38 267 55 *252 *32 *0
Kentucky 73 62 191 43 *0 *0 †102
Louisiana 88 33 185 *10 *91 *0 †*23
Maine 28 26 *182 *0 *0 *0 *0
Maryland 33 16 72 24 *0 *0 *10
Massachusetts 21 10 72 46 *0 *0 *26
Michigan 110 68 349 40 237 *10 132
Minnesota 67 44 218 †51 636 *17 *31
Mississippi 30 13 55 †*20 *0 *0 *0
Missouri 80 69 200 *16 *147 *24 *38
Montana 58 44 *457 *0 181 *0 *64
Nebraska †85 †49 †366 †115 †775 *54 †*36
Nevada 108 90 371 69 *123 55 95
New Hampshire 10 *6 *127 *0 *0 *0 *0
New Jersey †33 †8 †156 †29 *0 *3 *23
New Mexico 52 164 395 †*7 *26 *0 *56
New York 33 25 101 16 *0 *2 41
North Carolina 74 31 221 †18 291 *0 *18
North Dakota 84 57 *338 *0 294 *0 *0
Ohio 83 51 258 49 *357 *10 105
Oklahoma 20 16 73 *12 35 *31 †*8
Oregon 147 134 837 152 405 64 *26
Pennsylvania 99 64 309 83 *182 32 139
Rhode Island 76 48 381 52 *0 *0 *137
South Carolina 71 35 163 *21 *0 *0 *36
South Dakota 75 52 *253 *106 172 *0 *0
Tennessee 12 11 16 *9 *0 *0 †*12
Texas 67 47 182 59 †*40 9 *9
Utah 39 28 282 69 *165 *25 *22
Vermont *11 *6 *308 *0 *0 *0 *0
Virginia 52 27 153 34 *0 †*5 †26
Washington 64 43 310 72 201 27 69
West Virginia 169 141 769 *207 *0 *0 233
Wisconsin 61 29 400 24 273 *32 *0
Wyoming 205 174 *1,103 207 661 *0 *327

1American Indian includes Alaska Natives; Asian includes Pacific Islanders.
* Rate based on fewer than 10 observations.
† Interpret data with caution. In these states, 30% or more of the information for commitment and/or race/ethnicity was imputed. Visit the EZACJRP methods section for more information about imputation.

Notes: This information is based on the state where the offense was committed. However, the state of offense is not always reported. Committed youth for whom state of offense was unknown are included in U.S. totals (1,359 in 2019). These instances are not evenly distributed across states. As such, users should exercise caution when examining state-level trends or comparing states. Visit the EZACJRP methods section for more information.

U.S. total includes a small number of youth (1) who committed their offense in a U.S. Territory, but excludes youth in tribal facilities.

Committed youth are those held in residential placement as part of a court-ordered disposition. The commitment rate is the number of youth in residential placement on October 23, 2019 per 100,000 youth age 10 through the upper age of original juvenile court jurisdiction in each state.

Race groups exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Hispanic persons can be of any race.

To preserve the privacy of the youth in residential placement, state cell counts have been rounded to the nearest multiple of three. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. More information on this rounding rule is available on the EZACJRP Web site.

[ Map version ]  [ CSV file ]

Internet citation: OJJDP Statistical Briefing Book. Online. Available: https://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/corrections/qa08612.asp?qaDate=2019. Released on May 21, 2021.

Data Source: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement 2019 [machine-readable data files]. Washington, D.C.: OJJDP.

 

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